![]() Reconstruction of the population history of Creoles from the end of the 15th century indicated a major demographic expansion until the introduction of zebu and commercial breeds into the Americas ~180 years ago, coinciding with a drastic N e contraction. To tackle these questions, we combined SNP array data (~54,000 SNPs) in Creole breeds with their modern putative Iberian ancestors. Third, we performed whole genome scans for selection signatures based on cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH) and population differentiation ( F ST) to disentangle the genetic mechanisms involved in adaptation and phenotypic change by a rapid and major environmental transition. ![]() ![]() ![]() Second, we inferred their demographic history using approximate Bayesian computation (ABC), linkage disequilibrium (LD) and N e Slope (NeS) analysis. We first determined taurine and indicine contributions to the genomic structure of modern Creole cattle. Knowledge of the genomic regions selected during this process may help in enhancing climatic resilience and sustainable animal production. The introduction of Iberian cattle in the Americas after Columbus’ arrival imposed high selection pressures on a limited number of animals over a brief period of time.
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